Individual Assignment

Calculator Project 

 Introduction

The main purpose of the calculator is to add up large numbers in order to develop science and also to accomplish all kinds of goals. The very first basic calculator was mainly used to replace using fingers in adding numbers and help calculate numbers faster. Nowadays it is used in schools for simplifying equations in the process of learning and also in the construction fields to build up skyscrapers.

 Early history

In the past, people used Fingers to calculate a simple calculation, but sometimes they have some difficulty in calculation because of big values. Therefore, they created a tool that can be used to make counting easy, which is called a counting frame, it is made by a wood frame with a chain of tubes that contains beads which can slip and slide. Counting frame used for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and square root.

After that came a brilliant young French mathematician named "Blaise Pascal", who invented the first modern adding machine in 1642. The main reason for his invention was to help his father who used to spend a lot of time adding numbers.

In 1960, they created the first solid electronic calculator. After that, a Japanese company in 1970 developed it and made it into Pocket sized devices. "contemplate the greatness and the misery of man'' Paris, Clermont. "Blaise Pascal." N.p., 14 Mar. 2013.

Development

In 1963 the first fully electronic desk-top calculator by Bell Punch Co. LTD and Sum lock-Comptometer LTD of England and called it "Anita" Ball, G., & Flamm, B. (1996, January 1).. Moreover, in 1964-67, the first large electronic desk-top calculators begin to replace electro-mechanical machines. In 1970 the first portable calculators appeared in Japan. Also, there are some innovators who began to create electronic calculators small enough to hold in one hand. In 1971, Busicom (Japan) made LE-120A, the world's smallest hand-held calculator. In 1975 the pocket calculator was widely used by students. In 1977 came out the TI-30 the LED scientific calculator. The first calculator capable of symbolic computation was the HP-28C, released in 1987. It was able to solve quadratic equations symbolically. The first graphing calculator was the Casio FX-7000G came out in 1985. In 2003 the HP 12c was improved, the "HP 12c platinum edition" Calculator  (2013, April 23 – Wikipedia,  with more memory, and the addition of the algebraic mode of data entry.  In addition, the reason why they developed the calculator is because the first calculator is heavy, expensive, and not practical. So they have developed it, so everyone can use it easily.

 Modern development

A major part of solving mathematical problems is depending on Calculators. They are not so hard to find, they are available everywhere in a verity of sizes, and also they are affordable. Since its invention, the electronic calculator has evolved from a machine that could only perform simple four-function operations into one that can execute highly technical algebraic symbolic manipulations instantly. Each new generation of calculators builds on the previous one, with heightened speed and more advanced capabilities.

I believe that in the near future there will be an advanced calculator which can take voice orders from humans and apply them directly. Furthermore, with technology development, they put a external memory card, so we can save our calculation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Braise Pascal had the greatest rule on the development of the calculator. Calculators take an excellent part in making mathematics easier. With it we can do calculations easily. And according to all the information above, they developed the calculator because the first type was heavy, expensive, and not practical. So they have developed it so that everyone can use it easily. In the future, I hope that they will be able to create a calculator that can save all my calculations.

Word Counts: 617

Bibliography

References

Ball, G., & Flamm, B. (1996, January 1). History of Electronic Calculators. Vintage Calculators Web Museum. Retrieved April 30, 2013, from http://www.vintagecalculators.com/html/history_of_electronic_calculat.html

 Calculators - Essay - Jay123456789. (2008, December 1). Free Term Papers, Research Papers, Essays, Book Notes | StudyMode.com. Retrieved April 30, 2013, from

. Calculator  (2013, April 23 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved April 30, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator

McCLAIN, D. L. (1997, September 1). The Evolution of the Calculator. http://0-search.proquest.com.library.hct.ac.ae/docview/430852568/13DBF75BCBA1267AC6A/1?accountid=1215. Retrieved April 30, 2013, from 0-search.proquest.com.library.hct.ac.ae/docview/430852568/13DBF75BCBA1267AC6A/1?accountid=1215

Paris, Clermont. "Blaise Pascal." the history of computing project. N.p., 14 Mar. 2013. Web. 13 May 2013. <http://www.thocp.net/biographies/pascal_blaise.html>.

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Outlines

1. Introduction

• The beginning of calculation

2. Early history

• The Counting Frame

• The invention of the calculator by " Blaise Pascal"

• Early development of the calculator

3. Development

• Development of the calculator

• Hand-Held Calculator

• The reason of the development

4. Modern development

• Nowadays calculator

• The Modern Calculator

• The future development

5. Conclusion

• Conclusion

• Future prediction